Our goal is clear: to become a country that produces exemplary models in social entrepreneurship rather than importing laws from elsewhere. With this draft, we propose bringing together our heritage — from the Ahi guilds to our foundation culture — with the needs of the age.
Proposes that the definition, licensing and oversight of social entrepreneurship be set out with clear rules for the first time.
Alongside the bill, an employment-focused volunteering protocol proposes that volunteering experience be taken into account in recruitment.
Proposes a traceable, transparent and accountable impact reporting standard through DERBİS.
Proposes a sustainable collaboration model between the public sector, civil society and the private sector.
The need
Social enterprises solve social problems, yet the law does not recognise them today.
Social enterprises have to operate within existing forms such as associations, foundations, cooperatives or companies, which do not reflect their social purpose.
Because no hybrid form is defined that both earns income and channels its profit to social benefit, the balance between profit and social purpose has no legal safeguard.
Because their status does not fit, social enterprises often cannot apply for grants, incentives, public tenders or R&D support.
There is no central register showing the number and impact of social enterprises, which makes it hard to design policy and direct resources to the right place.
The need in numbers
Disadvantaged groups and unsolved problems in Turkiye, in official data. Each figure shows its source and year.
4.44 million
people with disabilities registered in the National Disability Data System
5.2% · calculated
~13.3 million
people affected, together with their families
calculated
15.5%
share of this number in the population
calculated
5.2% share of registered people with disabilities in the population
Calculation: assumes each registered person with a disability lives in a household of 3, based on TÜİK’s 2025 population (86,092,168). Registered number of people with disabilities (July 2025): ASHB, TBMM Engelli Bireyler Araştırma Komisyonu tutanağı
6.9%
Share of the population with at least one disability (TÜİK’s latest survey on the subject)
ASHB, TBMM Engelli Bireyler Araştırma Komisyonu tutanağı · 2011
209,180
Visually impaired citizens registered in the National Disability Data System
93,447
Students diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in the last 5 years
MEB Özel Eğitim Genel Müdürü, TBMM komisyon sunumu (26.11.2025) · 2025
540,439
People receiving a disability pension each month
~1.62 million
Population reached by disability pension recipients together with their families (assuming a household of 3)
calculated ·ASHB İstatistik Bülteni, Aralık 2024 · 2024
542,619
People with severe disabilities receiving home-care support
21.8%
Share of people aged 15+ who are obese
37.6%
Share of people aged 15+ who are overweight
16.9%
Share of people aged 15+ with hypertension
11.9%
Share of people aged 15+ with diabetes
9.58 million
Population aged 65 and over (11.1% of the population)
24.3%
Share of people aged 15+ with lower-back problems: about one in four, and the most common health problem
10.9 million
People living below the relative poverty line (13% of the population)
27.9%
Share of the population at risk of poverty or social exclusion
36.8%
Share of children at risk of poverty or social exclusion
23.3%
Share of young people aged 15–24 not in employment, education or training
15.3%
Youth unemployment rate, ages 15–24
36.2%
Women’s labour force participation rate (71.3% for men)
32.3 million
Waste collected by municipalities in one year (tonnes)
1.09
Municipal waste per person per day (kg)
37.53%
Waste recovery rate
Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı verisi (DHA, 30.03.2026) · 2025
~4 million
Estimate of the number of ownerless animals voiced during the legislative process
estimate, not an official count ·TBMM Tarım, Orman ve Köyişleri Komisyonu Başkanı (17.07.2024) · 2024
Impact
What will change for social entrepreneurs, the public sector and society once the bill becomes law.
With the Social Enterprise Activity Certificate and the “Social Company” label on the tax plate, social enterprises are recognised for the first time; the title cannot be misused.
The way opens to technopark and TEKMER incentives and to calls for proposals from ministries, the European Union and development agencies.
Social benefit reports and balance sheets are collected in DERBİS, approved and shared with the public.
Ministries share regional needs with red, orange and yellow priorities, so resources go to the most urgent problems.
Through the reservation method, everyone knows which need has been taken on by whom, reducing scattered efforts on the same problem.
The public sector, civil society and the private sector work together on the same data and the same rules; social responsibility projects become traceable.
In numbers
The concrete rules, deadlines and thresholds the bill introduces.
A holistic development model made up of 29 articles.
Establishes the legal status of social enterprises and defines the principles of transparency and accountability. Provides legal definitions for concepts such as "Social Innovation", "Social Impact Balance Sheet" and the "National Social Needs Map".
Article 8: Social enterprises meet at least one of three conditions: directing at least 60% of their profits to social impact, employing at least 60% of their staff from disadvantaged groups, or supporting social-benefit areas by at least 60% in production.
Article 14: Step-by-step activity reporting and the reservation procedure through DERBİS.
Article 22: Use of the designation "Sosyal Limited Şirketi (S. Ltd. Şti.)" or "Sosyal Anonim Şirketi (S.A.Ş.)" in the trade-name section of the tax registration certificate.
Sets out the application procedures for social enterprises, the DERBİS user guide and the reporting standards. Requires ministries to identify regional social needs (using Red, Orange and Yellow codes) and publish them as open data, with social project standards then shaped in light of this data.
Regulates violations and administrative sanctions; provisional provisions for the gradual implementation of the law, together with the entry-into-force and enforcement articles.
From history to today
The idea of joining solidarity with production is not new. Documents, institutions and laws from the Ahi tradition and foundations to the first cooperatives and today’s international resolutions.
13th c.
Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire
Ahilik, the guild fraternity organised by Ahi Evran in Kayseri and Kırşehir, is a socio-economic order that combines honesty, brotherhood and charity with craftsmanship and production. Bacıyân-ı Rum (the Sisterhood of Rum), founded by his wife Fatma Ana, was a women's organisation that cared for women and girls with no one to support them, and represents the social side of this tradition.
14th–19th c.
Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire
In the Ottoman Empire, most public services such as mosques, madrasas, hospitals, fountains and imarets (public soup kitchens) were established as charitable works by vakıfs (pious foundations), and their continuity was secured by income-generating foundation properties such as inns, covered markets and shops. By permanently pairing income-generating assets with social services, this model is one of the historical precursors of today's social entrepreneurship.
1472
Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire
The vakfiyes (foundation deeds) drawn up for Fatih Sultan Mehmed's religious and charitable institutions in Istanbul are key documents showing how the city was reorganised after the conquest; the first vakfiye was drawn up in 1472-73 and the complex's vakfiye around 1482. By binding a service's sources of income and operation to written rules, the vakfiye is an important example of the founding-charter tradition.
1844
World
In the English town of Rochdale, 28 artisans working in the cotton mills founded the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers Society, the first modern cooperative business. The International Cooperative Alliance regards this initiative as the first example of the modern cooperative and the beginning of the cooperative movement.
Source: International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) – History of the cooperative movement
1863
Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire
The Memleket Sandıkları (local mutual aid funds) founded by Mithat Pasha in the town of Pirot, a mutual aid fund that provided farmers with small agricultural loans, laid the foundation of today's Ziraat Bank. They are among the first institutional examples of solidarity-based finance in the Ottoman Empire.
1864
World
In 1849 in Flammersfeld, Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen founded a credit association in which well-off members stood surety in solidarity for the poor; in 1864 he then founded his own Darlehnskassen-Verein in Heddesdorf. These rural credit cooperatives pioneered cooperative banking based on the principle of self-help.
1969
Republic of Turkiye
Adopted on 24 April 1969, the law regulates the establishment and operation of cooperatives that serve their members' economic interests through mutual aid and solidarity. It is the main legal basis in Turkiye for cooperative-based social enterprises, including women's cooperatives.
Source: Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi (mevzuat.gov.tr) View in the library
1980
World
Bill Drayton founded Ashoka in 1980 with an annual budget of $50,000; the following year the first class of Ashoka Fellows was selected, made up of social entrepreneurs developing innovative solutions to social problems. As a global network that finds and supports social entrepreneurs, Ashoka contributed to the institutionalisation of the field.
Source: Marquette University – Honorary Degree: William Drayton (2011)
1983
World
The microcredit research project that Muhammad Yunus launched in 1976 in the village of Jobra, Bangladesh, was turned in 1983 into a bank aimed at reducing poverty and empowering the poor. With its microcredit approach of offering small loans to the poor, Grameen became one of the emblematic institutions of social-purpose finance.
1983
Republic of Turkiye
Adopted on 23 June 1983, the law regulates the persons and organisations authorised to collect aid, the purposes for which aid may be collected, and the use and oversight of the aid collected. It is the basic framework for civil society organisations that run donation drives and campaigns.
Source: Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi (mevzuat.gov.tr) View in the library
1991
World
The law of 8 November 1991 defines social cooperatives as organisations that pursue the general interest of the community in human development and the social integration of citizens. By recognising cooperatives providing social, health and educational services as a separate legal category, this law is one of the key references for the social cooperative model.
Source: Normattiva (İtalya resmî mevzuat portalı) – Legge 8 novembre 1991, n. 381 View in the library
2001
Republic of Turkiye
Replacing Law No. 743 of 17 February 1926, Law No. 4721 defines an association as a legal entity formed by at least seven people for a common purpose other than sharing profits, and a foundation as a body of assets dedicated to a specific and permanent purpose. It is the main source of the legal personality of civil society organisations in Turkiye.
Source: Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi (mevzuat.gov.tr) View in the library
2004
Republic of Turkiye
Adopted on 4 November 2004, the law sets out the procedures and principles for the establishment, activities and oversight of associations, their branches, federations and confederations. It sets today's operating rules for social-purpose work carried out under an association.
Source: Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi (mevzuat.gov.tr) View in the library
2004
World
Part 2 of the Companies (Audit, Investigations and Community Enterprise) Act 2004 introduced the community interest company, a new type of company for businesses that carry out their activities for the benefit of the community; the provisions came into force on 1 July 2005 together with the Community Interest Company Regulations 2005. It offers a legal form specific to social enterprises, bringing profit and social benefit together in the same company structure.
Source: legislation.gov.uk – Companies (Audit, Investigations and Community Enterprise) Act 2004, Part 2 View in the library
2006
World
The 2006 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank "for their efforts to create economic and social development from below". The prize was a turning point in the global recognition of social-purpose business models.
2008
Republic of Turkiye
Adopted on 20 February 2008, the law regulates the management, activities and oversight of foundations and the protection of foundation cultural assets. It is the key regulation linking the vakıf heritage inherited from the Ottoman era to today's civil society structure.
Source: Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi (mevzuat.gov.tr) View in the library
2011
International organisations
Launched by the European Commission in 2011, the Social Business Initiative set out a short-term action plan to support the development of social enterprises, the social economy and social innovation. The initiative aims at a favourable financial, administrative and legal environment so that social enterprises can operate on an equal footing with other enterprises.
Source: Avrupa Komisyonu – Social enterprises View in the library
2021
International organisations
On 9 December 2021 the European Commission adopted a new action plan for the social economy, building on the results of the 2011 Social Business Initiative. The plan sets out concrete measures to mobilise the potential of the social economy.
Source: Avrupa Komisyonu – Social Economy Action Plan View in the library
2022
International organisations
In a resolution adopted at its 110th session on 10 June 2022, the International Labour Conference defined the social and solidarity economy (SSE): organisations based on the principles of voluntary cooperation, democratic governance, and the primacy of people and social purpose over capital. The definition lays the groundwork for the recognition of social enterprises in policy documents.
Source: Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO) – ILC.110/Resolution II
2023
International organisations
With the resolution "Promoting the social and solidarity economy for sustainable development" adopted on 18 April 2023, the UN General Assembly encouraged member states to develop national and local strategies supporting the social and solidarity economy, including specific legal frameworks where appropriate. The resolution recognises the social and solidarity economy as part of the sustainable development agenda.
Source: Birleşmiş Milletler Resmî Belgeler Sistemi – A/RES/77/281
An original structure aligned with successful models around the world.
The current status of countries and regions that regulate social entrepreneurship or the social economy by law:
Turkiye does not yet have a law specific to social entrepreneurship. This bill aims to fill that gap.
Companies (Audit, Investigations and Community Enterprise) Act 2004 — Part 2 (CIC)
The 2004 Act introducing the 'Community Interest Company' (CIC), a company type with limited profit distribution and an asset lock, for companies that carry out their activities for the benefit of the community.
View in the library2006. évi X. törvény a szövetkezetekről
Act X of 2006 on Cooperatives regulates the social cooperative (szociális szövetkezet), which aims to provide work and better social conditions for its disadvantaged members, and is in force.
View in the library사회적기업 육성법 (법률 제8217호)
A special act, in force since 2007, governing the certification of social enterprises by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and state support for them.
View in the libraryZakon o socialnem podjetništvu (ZSocP), Uradni list RS, št. 20/11
The 2011 Social Entrepreneurship Act (ZSocP) sets out the conditions under which non-profit legal entities may acquire social enterprise status and is in force as amended in 2014 and 2018.
View in the libraryLey 5/2011, de 29 de marzo, de Economía Social
Framework law defining the concept of the social economy, its guiding principles and social economy entities; extended in 2026 with a definition of social enterprise.
View in the libraryLey Orgánica de Economía Popular y Solidaria (LOEPS)
The organic law defining, regulating and promoting the popular and solidarity economy, covering the community, associative and cooperative sectors, is in force.
View in the libraryLey de la Economía Social y Solidaria (LESS)
The federal law regulating the social economy sector under Article 25 of the Constitution and establishing the National Institute of Social Economy (INAES) is in force.
View in the libraryLei n.º 30/2013 (Lei de Bases da Economia Social)
Social Economy Framework Law No. 30/2013 of 8 May 2013 sets out the definition of the social economy, the entities it covers and its guiding principles, and is in force.
View in the libraryLoi n° 2014-856 du 31 juillet 2014 relative à l'économie sociale et solidaire
Law No. 2014-856 of 31 July 2014 on the Social and Solidarity Economy defines the conditions for enterprises within the ESS and regulates the ESUS (solidarity enterprise of social utility) accreditation; it is in force.
View in the libraryLov nr. 711 af 25. juni 2014 om registrerede socialøkonomiske virksomheder
Act establishing a voluntary registration scheme and the 'RSV' designation for social-economic enterprises; its repeal was proposed in 2026 but removed from the adopted text.
View in the libraryLegea nr. 219/2015 privind economia socială
Law No. 219/2015 on the social economy regulates the social enterprise certificate and the social mark system for work integration social enterprises; it is in force as amended in 2022.
View in the libraryLoi du 12 décembre 2016 portant création des sociétés d'impact sociétal
The Law of 12 December 2016 defines the principles of the social and solidarity economy and creates the 'societal impact company' (SIS) status, granted by ministerial approval; it is in force.
View in the libraryΝ. 4430/2016 (ΦΕΚ Α΄ 205/31.10.2016) Κοινωνική και Αλληλέγγυα Οικονομία
Law 4430/2016 regulates social and solidarity economy entities and social cooperative enterprises (Κοιν.Σ.Επ.); it is based on registration in the Ministry of Labour's register and is in force as amended.
View in the libraryD.Lgs. 3 luglio 2017, n. 112 (impresa sociale)
The 2017 legislative decree governing the conditions under which private-law entities may qualify as a social enterprise (impresa sociale), the cap on profit distribution and the rules on social inclusion through employment.
View in the librarySociālā uzņēmuma likums
Law granting social enterprise status to limited liability companies, prohibiting profit distribution and providing for a register kept by the Ministry of Welfare.
View in the libraryLegea nr. 845/1992 cu privire la antreprenoriat și întreprinderi, cap. VI¹ (introdus prin Legea nr. 223/2017)
Framework, set out in a chapter added to the Entrepreneurship Law in 2017, regulating the social enterprise and social insertion enterprise statuses, to be granted by the National Commission for Social Entrepreneurship.
View in the libraryZákon č. 112/2018 Z. z. o sociálnej ekonomike a sociálnych podnikoch
Act No. 112/2018 on the Social Economy and Social Enterprises regulates registered social enterprise status and its types, such as the integration enterprise; it is in force with numerous amendments.
View in the libraryЗакон за предприятията на социалната и солидарна икономика (ДВ, бр. 91 от 02.11.2018)
The 2018 Social and Solidarity Economy Enterprises Act regulates class A and A+ social enterprises and their registration; it has been in force since 2019.
View in the libraryLigji Nr. 06/L-022 për Ndërmarrjet Sociale
Law defining social enterprises in categories A and B and setting out the conditions for acquiring and losing that status.
View in the libraryLey 1901 de 2018 (Sociedades BIC)
The law allowing any commercial company to voluntarily adopt 'Social Benefit and Collective Interest' (BIC) status is in force.
View in the libraryCode des sociétés et des associations (loi du 23 mars 2019), art. 8:4–8:5
Framework under Book 8 of the Code of Companies and Associations governing the 'social enterprise' accreditation (agrément) granted by the Minister of Economy to cooperative companies.
View in the libraryพระราชบัญญัติส่งเสริมวิสาหกิจเพื่อสังคม พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๒
The 2019 special act governing the registration of social enterprises, limits on profit distribution and the Social Enterprise Promotion Office.
View in the libraryLoi n° 2019/004 du 25 avril 2019 régissant l'économie sociale au Cameroun
The framework law governing the general orientations of the social economy, Social Economy Units and the National Social Economy Council is in force.
View in the libraryLuật Doanh nghiệp số 59/2020/QH14 (Điều 10)
Article 10 of Vietnam's Law on Enterprises defines a social enterprise as an enterprise committed to reinvesting at least 51 percent of its profits in social and environmental objectives.
View in the libraryLey N° 31072, Ley de la Sociedad de Beneficio e Interés Colectivo (Sociedad BIC)
The law governing how companies under Ley 26887 may acquire BIC status by adopting a social and environmental benefit purpose is in force.
View in the libraryЗакон РК от 24 июня 2021 года № 52-VII ЗРК (Предпринимательский кодекс, глава 6-1)
Chapter 6-1, added to the Entrepreneurial Code by Law No. 52-VII of 2021, defines social entrepreneurship and regulates its categories and registration in the state register.
View in the libraryLey N° 19.969 (Sociedades BIC)
The law governing the adoption of social benefit and collective interest (BIC) status by commercial companies, SASs and fideicomisos is in force.
View in the libraryUstawa z dnia 5 sierpnia 2022 r. o ekonomii społecznej (Dz.U. 2022 poz. 1812)
Law defining social economy entities and setting out the conditions for the 'social enterprise' (przedsiębiorstwo społeczne) status granted by the voivode.
View in the libraryZakon o socijalnom preduzetništvu ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 14/2022)
Law governing the acquisition of social entrepreneurship status, the use of profits, reporting and supervision, under which the status is registered upon application to the competent register.
View in the libraryLey 303 de 31 de mayo de 2022 (empresas de beneficio e interés colectivo)
The law governing how commercial companies may acquire BIC status by operating in at least two impact categories, and their supervision by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, is in force.
View in the libraryZákon č. 468/2024 Sb., o integračním sociálním podniku
Law governing the granting of 'integration social enterprise' status by the Ministry of Labour to employers who employ people with special needs.
View in the libraryLei nº 15.068, de 23 de dezembro de 2024 (Lei Paul Singer)
The federal law defining solidarity economy enterprises, regulating the National Solidarity Economy Policy and establishing Sinaes is in force.
View in the libraryҚонуни Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон «Дар бораи соҳибкории иҷтимоӣ» аз 2 январи соли 2025, №2119
The 2025 special law governing social entrepreneurship, the concepts of social enterprise and social entrepreneur, and registration in the state register.
View in the libraryVermont · Maryland
L3C (Vermont, 2008; 11 V.S.A. ch. 25) · Benefit Corporation (Maryland, 2010; Corps. & Ass'ns §§ 5-6C-01 vd.)
The US has no federal social enterprise law; at state level, Vermont's low-profit LLC (L3C) and Maryland's benefit corporation rules are pioneering examples.
View in the libraryNova Scotia
Community Interest Companies Act, S.N.S. 2012, c. 38
The 2012 Act governing 'community interest companies' (CIC) in Nova Scotia that pursue purposes beneficial to the community, and their dividend limits.
View in the libraryBritish Columbia
Business Corporations Act, SBC 2002, c. 57, Part 2.2 (Community Contribution Companies)
Part 2.2 of the British Columbia Business Corporations Act regulates the 'community contribution company' (C3), a type with limits on dividends and asset distribution.
View in the libraryQuébec
Loi sur l'économie sociale, RLRQ c. E-1.1.1 (L.Q. 2013, c. 22)
The 2013 framework act in Québec recognising the contribution of the social economy, defining the social economy enterprise and requiring the government to adopt an action plan.
View in the libraryRepublika Srpska
Zakon o društvenom preduzetništvu Republike Srpske ("Službeni glasnik RS", br. 111/2021)
Regional law governing social entrepreneurship in the Republika Srpska entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, published in the entity's official gazette in 2021.
View in the librarySocial Enterprise Act, Cap. 630 (Act IX of 2022)
Law governing social enterprise organisations, the regulatory authority and the register; adopted, but its entry-into-force date has not yet been set.
View in the libraryЗакон Республики Узбекистан от 17.08.2026 г. № ЗРУ-1168 (ст. 48¹ Закона «О гарантиях свободы предпринимательской деятельности»)
The 2026 law adding an article on state support for social entrepreneurship to the law on guarantees of freedom of entrepreneurial activity will enter into force on 18 November 2026.
View in the libraryПроєкт Закону № 14156 про внесення зміни до Закону України «Про розвиток та державну підтримку малого і середнього підприємництва в Україні» щодо розвитку соціального підприємництва
Draft law, endorsed by the parliamentary committee, providing for the introduction of the concept of 'social entrepreneurship entities' into legislation and the extension of state support for SMEs to them.
View in the libraryPredlog zakona o socijalnoj ekonomiji
Bill adopted by the Government in June 2026 and submitted to Parliament, providing for the first systematic legal framework for the social economy.
View in the libraryПредлог на Закон за социјални претпријатија
Draft law on social enterprises prepared by the Ministry of Social Policy, Demography and Youth, whose harmonised text was opened for public consultation in 2026.
View in the libraryStrategija razvoja društvenog poduzetništva u Republici Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od 2015. do 2020. godine
Strategy for the development of social entrepreneurship for 2015–2020, adopted by the Government in 2015, setting out the criteria for recognising social entrepreneurs.
View in the libraryTrading for Impact: National Social Enterprise Policy 2024-2027
The 2024–2027 national social enterprise policy, successor to the 2019–2022 National Social Enterprise Policy, containing five objectives and 57 actions.
View in the libraryLaki sosiaalisista yrityksistä (1351/2003)
The 2003 Act providing for a register of enterprises employing people with disabilities and the long-term unemployed was repealed on 1 July 2023 as part of the wage subsidy reform, on the grounds that it had not achieved its objectives.
View in the librarySocialinių įmonių įstatymas Nr. IX-2251
The 2004 Act granting status and state support to enterprises employing people with disabilities and disadvantaged persons was repealed on 1 January 2023 in order to promote the participation of people with disabilities in the open labour market rather than in segregated workplaces.
View in the libraryNo dedicated law
Turkiye does not yet have a law specific to social entrepreneurship. This bill aims to fill that gap.
View in the libraryResearch by organizations such as the British Council, Marmara University and KUSIF shows that the lack of a legal definition significantly limits social impact in Turkiye.
British Council · 2019
A comprehensive field study of the profile of social enterprises in Turkiye, the barriers they face and the lack of a legal framework.
Open the studyMarmara Üniversitesi · 2024
Examines the place of social entrepreneurship in legislation and policy documents, and finds that without a concrete legal basis it has begun to lose its place in high-level policy documents.
Open the studyKoç Üniversitesi Sosyal Etki Forumu (KUSIF)
Research, legal and finance publications on Turkiye’s social entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Open the studyAvrupa Komisyonu · 2019
A country report prepared for the European Commission; it finds that Turkiye has no legislation specific to social enterprises and that they operate as foundations, associations, cooperatives or companies.
Open the studyTÜSEV — Türkiye Üçüncü Sektör Vakfı · 2010
Examines the strengths and weaknesses of social enterprises in Turkiye and identifies conceptual confusion, weak institutional structures and restrictive financial rules as the main barriers.
Open the studyTürkiye Sosyal Girişimcilik Ağı · 2020
Examines the legal forms available to social entrepreneurs and foreign regulations, and makes recommendations on organisation, finance, taxation and social security.
Open the studyAfyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi · 2023
Analyses 163 social enterprises through the Social Progress Index and finds that more social enterprises are needed in environmental quality and opportunity.
Open the studyFor the current legal framework for social entrepreneurship in Turkiye, see hangel's Legislation Library.
This proposal is more than a text — it is a social legacy. We work for a future in which entrepreneurs tackling social issues receive not just applause but legislative support.
TÜRKİYE BÜYÜK MİLLET MECLİSİ BAŞKANLIĞINA
(A civil-society draft prepared in the format of a bill; it has not been submitted to the Grand National Assembly of Turkiye.)
(6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu ve ilgili kanunlara ek olarak)
This bill was prepared for Turkiye; the text is published in Turkish only.
Social Business Global (official name: International Social Benefit Association) is a civil society organisation that promotes social entrepreneurship and social innovation from Turkiye to the world. Social Business Global works together with hangel; its events, volunteering and public-sector cooperation run on the hangel platform.
Visit hangel.org →Figures from the association's pages and its 2020–2025 Impact and Transparency Report.